Los vínculos para aprender la gramática española

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Adjectives

1. Descriptive adjectives (regular and irregular)
2. Adjective placement
3. Nationalities as adjectives
4. Short form adjectives (apocopation)
5. Adjetivos posesivos*
6. Cardinal numbers (0-100)
7. Cardinal numbers (101+)
8. números ordinal*
9. Negatives and negation
10. Asking questions: interrogatives
11. Comparisons of inequality
12. Comparisons of equality
13. Superlatives - the best, worst, most, & least
14. Using adjectives as nouns
15. Relative adjectives (cuyo)
16. Demonstrative adjectives
17. Oraciones exclamativas*

¡Qué divertido fue el partido!

¡Cómo grita el entrenador!

¡Cuántos aficionados están aquí!

¡Cuánta habilidad tiene el portero!

"¡Qué fantástico fue el partido anoche!"

Qué - Used in front of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs to mean how or what a.

·         ¡Qué músico es! (What a musician he is!)

·         ¡Qué hombre! (What a man!)

·         ¡Qué casa más grande! (What a big house!)

·         ¡Qué mujer tan guapa! (What a beautiful woman!)

·         ¡Qué inteligentes son! (How smart they are!/They are so smart!)

·         ¡Qué delicioso! (How delicious!)

·         ¡Qué rápido pasa la vida! (How quickly life passes by!)

·         ¡Qué barata es esta camisa!

·         ¡Qué lejos vives!

·         ¡Qué feo perro!

·          ¡Qué agua azul!

When an adjective follows a noun, it is preceded by más (most) or tan (so).

Cómo - Used in front of verbs to express surprise at how a verb was done.

·         ¡Cómo canta esa mujer! (How that woman sings!)

·         ¡Cómo celebramos durante la boda! (How we celebrated at the wedding!)

·         ¡Cómo llueve! (How much it is raining!/It’s raining so hard!)

Cuán - Used in literary works and not commonly in speech. Cuán can be used to replace qué.

·         ¡Cuán feliz me haces! (How happy you make me!)

·         ¡Cuán maleducados son! (How rude they are!)

Cuánto -Used in front of nouns to express surprise at an amount and in front of verb to express surprise at how much someone is doing that verb.

To modify a noun, cuánto must match the noun in gender and number. To modify a verb, use the singular masculine form: cuánto.

·         ¡cuántas arañas hay!

·         ¡cuánto bailamos!

·         ¡Cuánto dinero tiene Bill Gates! (How much money Bill Gates has!)

·         ¡Cuánto arroz!

·         ¡Cuántas bendiciones tenemos! (How many blessings we have!)

·         ¡Cuántos perros! (What a lot of dogs!)

·         ¡Cuánto te quiero! (How much I love you!/I love you so much!)

·         ¡Cuánto bailamos anoche! (How much we danced last night!/We danced so much last night!)

·         ¡Cuánto he estudiado!

·          ¡Cuánto te quiero!

·         Exclamations

·          

¡Canastos! ¡Caracoles! ¡Caramba! ¡Cáspita! ¡Córcholis!	Goodness! Goodness gracious! Great Scott!	¡Bravo!	Bravo!
¡Cielos!	Good heavens!	¡Calla! ¡Cállese!	Be quiet! Wait! Keep still!
¡Demonio! ¡Diablo!	By the devil! The deuce!	¡Cuidado!	Look out! Be careful!
¡Dios! ¡Dios mío! ¡Jesús! ¡Por dios! ¡Válgame dios!	Dear me! For heaven’s sake! God help me!	¡Dale!	The same old story!
¡Anda!	Go away! Come! Please!	¡Oye! ¡Oiga!	Listen here! Say! Look here!
¡Mira! ¡Mire!	See here!	¡Toma!	Well! Here!
¡Vamos!	Let’s go! Well! Come on!	¡Vaya!	Well! Indeed! Good! Come on!
¡Ay de mí!	Poor me!	¡Desgraciado de él!	Poor him!
¡Bien haya de él!	Good for him!	¡Claro!	Of course!

·         Interjections

¡Ay! ¡Oh! ¡Ah!	Oh!  Ah!  Alas!  Ouch!	¡Ea!	Come! Hurry!
¡Ha!	Ha!  Eh!	¡Hola! ¡Ola!	Well hello! Ah! Well!
¡Hé!  ¡Huy!	Eh!  Oh!  Ouch!	¡Bah!	Pshaw! No way!
¡Puf! ¡Uf!	Oh! Ugh!	¡Pum!	Bang!
¡Aj!	Yuck!	¡Anda!	Oops!
¡Hale!	Go! Hurry! Do it!	¡Arre!	Giddyup!

Adverbs

18. Adverb forms and placement

Articles

19. Definite article forms (regular and exceptions)
20. Definite Article Uses
21. Indefinite article forms (regular and irregular)
22. Indefinite article uses
23. Artículo neutro*

Conjunctions

24. Conjunctions

Gender

25. Masculine and feminine nouns
26. Professions and other nouns with both masculine and feminine forms

Number

27. Plural forms of nouns (regular and exceptions)

Prepositions

28. Basic Prepositions
29. Basic por vs. para (motion vs. destination)
30. Contractions
31. Advanced por vs. para (DREEMS vs. PRODDS)
32. Advanced expressions with por and para

Pronouns

33. Subject pronouns (personal pronouns)
34. Spanish "you" - (tú, vos, usted, vosotros, ustedes)
35. Object pronouns (pronouns after prepositions)
36. Direct Object Pronouns
37. Direct object pronoun placement
38. Indirect Object Pronouns
39. Indirect object pronoun placement
40. Possessive pronouns
41. Neuter possessive pronouns
42. Using direct and indirect object pronouns together
43. Demonstrative pronouns
44. Relative pronouns (que, quien, el que, el cual)
45. Neuter relative pronouns (lo que, lo cual)
46. Impersonal se
47. Impersonal se vs. passive se
48. Passive se

Pronunciation

49. False cognates
50. Spanish Alphabet and Pronunciation
51. Spanish vowels
52. Spanish syllables
53. Word stress
54. Written accents (tildes)
55. Spanish punctuation

Verbs

56. formas de infinitivo y búsqueda de radicales de verbos regulares*
57. Other uses for infinitives
58. Present Participles
59. Other uses for the present participle (gerundio)
60. Past participle regular forms and uses
61. Irregular and stressed past participles
62. Present perfect - Using haber with past participles
63. Present Tense Forms
64. Present tense spelling changes
65. Stem Changing Verbs
66. Irregular present tense
67. Verbs like gustar
68. ser vs. estar - D.O.T. vs. Lo.Co.*

69. Usos de ser: descripciones*

70. Usos de ser: orígenes*

71. Usos de ser: tiempo*

72. Usos de estar: ubicación*

73. Usos de estar: condición*

74. El futuro informal (ir + a + infinitivo)*
75. el imperfecto*
76. el pretérito*
77. Spelling changes in the preterit
78. Stem changes in the preterit
79. Verbs that change meaning in the preterit

80. el pretérito versus el imperfecto*







Affirmative informal (tú) commands
Negative Tú Commands
Formal Affirmative and Negative Commands
Subjunctive vs. Indicative
Wishes & wants in the subjunctive
Emotions with the subjunctive
Impersonal expressions with the subjunctive
Recommendations & requests with the subjunctive
Doubts & denial with the subjunctive
Ojalá with the subjunctive
Uncompleted or prospective actions with the subjunctive
Present Subjunctive Regular and Irregular Forms
Present Progressive Forms
Saber vs. Conocer
Pedir vs. preguntar (to ask)
Reciprocal verbs and pronouns
Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns
Active vs. passive voice
Nosotros commands
Indirect commands

101. el imperfecto progresivo*







Los futuros simples formas regulares
Simple future irregular and stem changing forms
Hacer with expressions of time
Verbos condicionales regulares e irregulares*

106. el subjuntivo imperfecto*







Future subjunctive forms and uses
Past perfect forms and uses
Preterit perfect
Present Perfect Subjunctive

111. el futuro perfecto*







el condicional perfecto*
Past Perfect Subjunctive Forms
Future perfect subjunctive forms and uses
Verb structures (transitive, intransitive, pronominal)
Ir vs. irse
perífrasis verbales*

acabar de + infinitivo (to have just done something)

acertar a + infinitivo (to manage to do something)

acostumbrar a + infinitivo (to get used to doing something)

alcanzar a + infinitivo (to be able to do something)

cesar de + infinitivo (to cease to do something)

comenzar a + infinitivo (to being to do something

deber + infinitivo (to have to do something)

dejar de + infinitivo (to stop doing something)

echar(se) a + infinitivo (to burst/break into doing something)

empezar a + infinitivo (to begin to do something)

estar por + infinitivo (to be on the verge of doing something)

estar a punto de + infinitivo (to be about to do something)

haber de/que + infinitivo (to have to do something)

ir a + infinitivo (going to do something)

poder + infinitivo (to be able to do something)

ponerse a + infinitivo (to start to do something)

quedar por + infinitivo (to remain to do something)

llegar a + infinitivo (to come to do something)

romper a + infinitivo (to suddenly start doing something)

soler + infinitivo (to do something usually)

venir a + infinitivo (to come to do something)

volver a + infinitivo (to return to do something)

tardar en + infinitivo (to take a long time to do something)

tener que + infinitivo (to have to do something)

terminar de + infinitivo (to finish doing something)

Verb + Present Participle

andar + present participle (to be doing something)

estar + present participle (to be doing something)

ir + present participle (to be gradually doing something)

p.j. Voy mejorando mis destrezas.

llevar + present participle (to continue to do something from the past)

Me quedé esperando a que la lluvia se detuviera.

seguir + present participle (to keep doing something)

venir + present participle (to have been doing something)

Verb + Past Participle

dejar + past participle (to appoint something)

haber + past participle (to have done something) - all the perfect tenses

llevar + past participle (to have done something)

quedar + past participle (to remain something)

Me quedé dormido.

sentirse + past participle (to have been “somethinged” - passive)

tener + past participle (to maintain a state of something)

traer + past participle (to maintain a state of something)

verse + past participle (to have been somethinged - passive)

Los muros se han visto reforzado.

118. Indicative mood
119. Imperative mood